At that point, he no longer feared mockery of his tale of a statue with a bleeding nose and mammoth, peregrinating armor, and an ancient castle complete with ancient family curse. Walpole did not dream of what he was about to initiate with The Castle of Otranto he published his first edition anonymously, revealing his identity, only after the novel’s great success, in his second edition of April, 1765. It was built in the gothic style and set an architectural trend, as his novel would later set a literary trend.
Before writing The Castle of Otranto, his only connection with the gothic was his estate in Twickenham, which he called Strawberry Hill. Walpole was a historian and essayist whose vivid and massive personal correspondence remains essential reading for the eighteenth century background. Walpole (1717-1797), the earl of Orford, began writing The Castle of Otranto in June, 1764, he finished it in August and published it in an edition of five hundred copies in early 1765. The first gothic novel is identifiable with a precision unusual in genre study. Its spirit is characterized by a tone of high agitation and unresolved or almost-impossible-to-resolve anxiety, fear, unnatural elation, and desperation. The externals of the gothic, especially early in its history, are characterized by sublime but terrifying mountain scenery bandits and outlaws ruined, ancient seats of power morbid death imagery and virgins and charismatic villains, as well as hyperbolic physical states of agitation and lurid images of physical degradation. Lawrence, Iris Murdoch, John Gardner (1933-1982), Joyce Carol Oates, and Doris Lessing and in the popular genres of horror fiction and some women’s romances.
It began with Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto (1765), then traveled through Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Gregory Lewis, Charles Robert Maturin, Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, Charlotte Brontë and Emily Brontë, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles Brockden Brown, Bram Stoker, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, Henry James, and many others into the twentieth century, where it surfaced, much altered and yet spiritually continuous, in the work of writers such as William Faulkner, D. The gothic novel is a living tradition, a form that enjoys great popular appeal while provoking harsh critical judgments.
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